diff --git a/lib/linked_list.rb b/lib/linked_list.rb index 0de1ee00..b7dbb694 100644 --- a/lib/linked_list.rb +++ b/lib/linked_list.rb @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - +require "pry" # Defines a node in the singly linked list class Node attr_reader :data # allow external entities to read value but not write @@ -12,150 +12,266 @@ def initialize(value, next_node = nil) # Defines the singly linked list class LinkedList - def initialize - @head = nil # keep the head private. Not accessible outside this class - end + def initialize + @head = nil # keep the head private. Not accessible outside this class + end - # method to add a new node with the specific data value in the linked list - # insert the new node at the beginning of the linked list - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def add_first(value) - raise NotImplementedError - end + # method to add a new node with the specific data value in the linked list + # insert the new node at the beginning of the linked list + # Time Complexity: O(1) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def add_first(value) + node = Node.new(value) + node.next = @head + @head = node + end - # method to find if the linked list contains a node with specified value - # returns true if found, false otherwise - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def search(value) - raise NotImplementedError + # method to find if the linked list contains a node with specified value + # returns true if found, false otherwise + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def search(value) + current = @head + while current != nil + return true if current.data == value + current = current.next end + return false + end - # method to return the max value in the linked list - # returns the data value and not the node - def find_max - raise NotImplementedError + # method to return the max value in the linked list + # returns the data value and not the node + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(n) + def find_max + return nil if !@head + current = @head + max = -(Float::INFINITY) + while current != nil + if current.data > max + max = current.data + end + current = current.next end + return max + end - # method to return the min value in the linked list - # returns the data value and not the node - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def find_min - raise NotImplementedError + # method to return the min value in the linked list + # returns the data value and not the node + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def find_min + return nil if !@head + current = @head + min = Float::INFINITY + while current != nil + if current.data < min + min = current.data + end + current = current.next end + return min + end - - # method that returns the length of the singly linked list - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def length - raise NotImplementedError + # method that returns the length of the singly linked list + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def length + counter = 0 + current = @head + while current != nil + counter += 1 + current = current.next end + return counter + end - # method that returns the value at a given index in the linked list - # index count starts at 0 - # returns nil if there are fewer nodes in the linked list than the index value - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def get_at_index(index) - raise NotImplementedError + # method that returns the value at a given index in the linked list + # index count starts at 0 + # returns nil if there are fewer nodes in the linked list than the index value + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def get_at_index(index) + i = 0 + current = @head + while current != nil + return current.data if index == i + i += 1 + current = current.next end + return nil + end - # method to print all the values in the linked list - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def visit - raise NotImplementedError + # method to print all the values in the linked list + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def visit + current = @head + while current != nil + puts current.data + current = current.next end + end - # method to delete the first node found with specified value - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def delete(value) - raise NotImplementedError + # method to delete the first node found with specified value + # Time Complexity: O(1) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def delete(value) + return nil if !@head + if @head.data == value + @head = @head.next + return end - - # method to reverse the singly linked list - # note: the nodes should be moved and not just the values in the nodes - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def reverse - raise NotImplementedError + current = @head + while current != nil + if current.next.data == value + current.next = current.next.next + return + end + current = current.next end + end + # method to reverse the singly linked list + # note: the nodes should be moved and not just the values in the nodes + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def reverse + prev = nil + next_node = nil + current = @head + while current != nil + + next_node = current.next + current.next = prev + prev = current + current = next_node + end + @head = prev + end - ## Advanced Exercises - # returns the value at the middle element in the singly linked list - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def find_middle_value - raise NotImplementedError + ## Advanced Exercises + # returns the value at the middle element in the singly linked list + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def find_middle_value + return nil if !@head + slow = @head + fast = @head + while fast.next != nil + slow = slow.next + fast = fast.next.next end + return slow.data + end - # find the nth node from the end and return its value - # assume indexing starts at 0 while counting to n - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def find_nth_from_end(n) - raise NotImplementedError + # find the nth node from the end and return its value + # assume indexing starts at 0 while counting to n + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def find_nth_from_end(n) + return nil if !@head + current = @head + index = 1 + while current != nil + if length - index == n + return current.data + end + index += 1 + current = current.next end + return nil + end - # checks if the linked list has a cycle. A cycle exists if any node in the - # linked list links to a node already visited. - # returns true if a cycle is found, false otherwise. - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def has_cycle - raise NotImplementedError + # checks if the linked list has a cycle. A cycle exists if any node in the + # linked list links to a node already visited. + # returns true if a cycle is found, false otherwise. + # Time Complexity: ? + # Space Complexity: ? + def has_cycle + return false if !@head || @head.next = nil + slow = @head + fast = @head + while fast != nil + slow = slow.next + fast = fast.next + if fast != nil + fast = fast.next + end + return true if fast == slow end + return false + end + # Additional Exercises + # returns the value in the first node + # returns nil if the list is empty + # Time Complexity: O(1) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def get_first + return @head.data if @head + return nil + end - # Additional Exercises - # returns the value in the first node - # returns nil if the list is empty - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def get_first - raise NotImplementedError + # method that inserts a given value as a new last node in the linked list + # Time Complexity: O(1) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def add_last(value) + new_node = Node.new(value) + if !@head + @head = new_node + return end - - # method that inserts a given value as a new last node in the linked list - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def add_last(value) - raise NotImplementedError + current = @head + while current.next != nil + current = current.next end + current.next = new_node + end - # method that returns the value of the last node in the linked list - # returns nil if the linked list is empty - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def get_last - raise NotImplementedError + # method that returns the value of the last node in the linked list + # returns nil if the linked list is empty + # Time Complexity: O(1) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def get_last + return nil if @head == nil + current = @head + while current.next != nil + current = current.next end + return current.data + end - # method to insert a new node with specific data value, assuming the linked - # list is sorted in ascending order - # Time Complexity: ? - # Space Complexity: ? - def insert_ascending(value) - raise NotImplementedError + # method to insert a new node with specific data value, assuming the linked + # list is sorted in ascending order + # Time Complexity: O(n) + # Space Complexity: O(1) + def insert_ascending(value) + new_node = Node.new(value) + if @head == nil + @head = new_node + return end + current = @head + while current.next && current.next.value <= value + current = current.next + end + new_node.next = current.next + current.next = new_node + end - # Helper method for tests - # Creates a cycle in the linked list for testing purposes - # Assumes the linked list has at least one node - def create_cycle - return if @head == nil # don't do anything if the linked list is empty - - # navigate to last node - current = @head - while current.next != nil - current = current.next - end + # Helper method for tests + # Creates a cycle in the linked list for testing purposes + # Assumes the linked list has at least one node + def create_cycle + return if @head == nil # don't do anything if the linked list is empty - current.next = @head # make the last node link to first node + # navigate to last node + current = @head + while current.next != nil + current = current.next end + + current.next = @head # make the last node link to first node + end end