diff --git a/frontend/catalyst/from_plxpr/control_flow.py b/frontend/catalyst/from_plxpr/control_flow.py
index 1a42c3bdc9..5b657a0c1d 100644
--- a/frontend/catalyst/from_plxpr/control_flow.py
+++ b/frontend/catalyst/from_plxpr/control_flow.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import jax
 from jax.extend.core import ClosedJaxpr
 from jax.interpreters.partial_eval import convert_constvars_jaxpr
+from pennylane.capture.primitives import subroutine_prim
 from pennylane.capture.primitives import cond_prim as plxpr_cond_prim
 from pennylane.capture.primitives import for_loop_prim as plxpr_for_loop_prim
 from pennylane.capture.primitives import while_loop_prim as plxpr_while_loop_prim
@@ -473,3 +474,35 @@ def handle_while_loop(
 
     # Return only the output values that match the plxpr output values
     return outvals
+
+@PLxPRToQuantumJaxprInterpreter.register_primitive(subroutine_prim)
+def handle_subroutine(self, *invals, call_jaxpr, fn):
+
+    self.init_qreg.insert_all_dangling_qubits()
+
+    dynalloced_qregs, dynalloced_wire_global_indices = _get_dynamically_allocated_qregs(
+        invals, self.qubit_index_recorder, self.init_qreg
+    )
+    args_plus_qreg = [
+        *invals,
+        *[dyn_qreg.get() for dyn_qreg in dynalloced_qregs],
+        self.init_qreg.get(),
+    ]
+    closed_jaxpr = ClosedJaxpr(call_jaxpr, ())
+    f = partial(_calling_convention, self, closed_jaxpr, outer_dynqreg_handlers=dynalloced_qregs)
+    converted_jaxpr = jax.make_jaxpr(f)(*args_plus_qreg)
+    consts = converted_jaxpr.consts
+    j = converted_jaxpr.jaxpr
+    no_consts_jaxpr = j.replace(constvars=(), invars=j.constvars + j.invars)
+
+    outvals = subroutine_prim.bind(*consts, *args_plus_qreg, call_jaxpr=no_consts_jaxpr, fn=fn)
+
+    # Output structure:
+    # First a list of dynamically allocated qregs, then the global qreg
+    # Update the current qreg and remove it from the output values.
+    self.init_qreg.set(outvals.pop())
+    for dyn_qreg in reversed(dynalloced_qregs):
+        dyn_qreg.set(outvals.pop())
+
+    # Return only the output values that match the plxpr output values
+    return outvals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives.py b/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives.py
index 0285a7a23a..f49ea1ed44 100644
--- a/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives.py
+++ b/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives.py
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@
     )
 
 from pennylane.capture.primitives import jacobian_prim as pl_jac_prim
+from pennylane.capture.primitives import subroutine_prim as pl_subroutine_prim
 
 from catalyst.compiler import get_lib_path
 from catalyst.jax_extras import (
@@ -584,6 +585,7 @@ def _quantum_kernel_lowering(ctx, *args, call_jaxpr, qnode, pipeline=None):
     Returns:
       List[mlir.Value] corresponding
     """
+    print("in quantum kernel lowering")
     assert isinstance(qnode, qml.QNode), "This function expects qnodes"
     if pipeline is None:
         pipeline = tuple()
@@ -614,7 +616,6 @@ def _func_lowering(ctx, *args, call_jaxpr, fn):
     call_op = create_call_op(ctx, func_op, *args)
     return call_op.results
 
-
 #
 # Decomp rule
 #
@@ -2844,6 +2845,7 @@ def subroutine_lowering(*args, **kwargs):
     (grad_p, _grad_lowering),
     (pl_jac_prim, _capture_grad_lowering),
     (func_p, _func_lowering),
+    (pl_subroutine_prim, _func_lowering),
     (jvp_p, _jvp_lowering),
     (vjp_p, _vjp_lowering),
     (adjoint_p, _adjoint_lowering),
diff --git a/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives_utils.py b/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives_utils.py
index 078cafc422..0433cbb7d3 100644
--- a/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives_utils.py
+++ b/frontend/catalyst/jax_primitives_utils.py
@@ -143,9 +143,13 @@ def get_or_create_funcop(ctx, callable_, call_jaxpr, pipeline, metadata=None, pu
     if metadata is None:
         metadata = tuple()
     key = (callable_, *metadata, *pipeline)
+    print(key)
+    print("cache: ", ctx.module_context.cached_primitive_lowerings)
     if callable_ is not None:
         if func_op := get_cached(ctx, key):
+            print("was cached")
             return func_op
+    print("not cached ")
     func_op = lower_callable_to_funcop(ctx, callable_, call_jaxpr, public=public)
     cache(ctx, key, func_op)
     return func_op