diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/variants/TestVariantBounds.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/variants/TestVariantBounds.java
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/variants/TestVariantBounds.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.variants;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestVariantBounds {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexFieldBounds() {
+    VariantMetadata metadata = Variants.metadata("$['location']['latitude']", "$['location']['longitude']", "$['user.name']");
+    ShreddedObject bounds = Variants.object(metadata);
+    bounds.put("$['location']['latitude']", Variants.of(37.7749));
+    bounds.put("$['location']['longitude']", Variants.of(-122.4194));
+    bounds.put("$['user.name']", Variants.of("John"));
+
+    ByteBuffer serialized = serializeValue(metadata, bounds);
+    byte[] serializedBytes = new byte[serialized.remaining()];
+    serialized.get(serializedBytes);
+
+    // Z85 encode the serialized bytes
+    String z85Encoded = z85Encode(serializedBytes);
+    System.out.println("Z85 Encoded: " + z85Encoded);
+
+    // Z85 decode back to bytes
+    byte[] z85Decoded = z85Decode(z85Encoded);
+    // Deserialize back to VariantValue
+    ByteBuffer decodedBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(z85Decoded).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+    Variant deserialized = Variant.from(decodedBuffer); // validate deserialization
+    VariantValue deserializedValue = deserialized.value();
+    
+    assertThat(deserializedValue).isEqualTo(bounds);
+    
+    VariantObject deserializedBounds = deserializedValue.asObject();
+    assertThat(deserializedBounds.get("$['location']['latitude']")).isEqualTo(Variants.of(37.7749));
+    assertThat(deserializedBounds.get("$['location']['longitude']")).isEqualTo(Variants.of(-122.4194));
+    assertThat(deserializedBounds.get("$['user.name']")).isEqualTo(Variants.of("John"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testZ85EncodeDecodeRoundTrip() {
+    byte[] testData = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08};
+    String encoded = z85Encode(testData);
+    byte[] decoded = z85Decode(encoded);
+    
+    assertThat(decoded).isEqualTo(testData);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testZ85EncodeKnownValues() {
+    byte[] input = {(byte)0x86, 0x4F, (byte)0xD2, 0x6F, (byte)0xB5, 0x59, (byte)0xF7, 0x5B};
+    String expected = "HelloWorld";
+    String actual = z85Encode(input);
+    
+    assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(expected);
+  }
+
+  private ByteBuffer serializeValue(VariantMetadata metadata, VariantValue value) {
+    ByteBuffer buffer =
+            ByteBuffer.allocate(metadata.sizeInBytes() + value.sizeInBytes())
+                    .order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+    metadata.writeTo(buffer, 0);
+    value.writeTo(buffer, metadata.sizeInBytes());
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  static String z85Encode(byte[] data) {
+    String encoder = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-:+=^!/*?&<>()[]{}@%$#";
+    StringBuilder encoded = new StringBuilder();
+    
+    int originalLength = data.length;
+    int paddedLength = ((originalLength + 3) / 4) * 4; // Round up to nearest multiple of 4
+    byte[] paddedData = new byte[paddedLength];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, paddedData, 0, originalLength);
+    // Remaining bytes are already zero-padded by default
+    
+    for (int i = 0; i < paddedData.length; i += 4) {
+      long value = 0;
+      for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        value = (value << 8) | (paddedData[i + j] & 0xFF);
+      }
+      
+      char[] chars = new char[5];
+      for (int j = 4; j >= 0; j--) {
+        chars[j] = encoder.charAt((int)(value % 85));
+        value /= 85;
+      }
+      encoded.append(chars);
+    }
+    
+    // Add padding indicator: append the number of padding bytes as a suffix
+    int paddingBytes = paddedLength - originalLength;
+    if (paddingBytes > 0) {
+      encoded.append('=').append(paddingBytes);
+    }
+    
+    return encoded.toString();
+  }
+
+  static byte[] z85Decode(String encoded) {
+    String decoder = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-:+=^!/*?&<>()[]{}@%$#";
+    
+    // Check for padding indicator
+    int paddingBytes = 0;
+    String dataToDecode = encoded;
+    if (encoded.contains("=")) {
+      int equalsIndex = encoded.lastIndexOf('=');
+      if (equalsIndex < encoded.length() - 1) {
+        try {
+          paddingBytes = Integer.parseInt(encoded.substring(equalsIndex + 1));
+          dataToDecode = encoded.substring(0, equalsIndex);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid padding indicator in encoded string");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    
+    if (dataToDecode.length() % 5 != 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Encoded string length must be divisible by 5");
+    }
+    
+    byte[] decoded = new byte[(dataToDecode.length() / 5) * 4];
+    
+    for (int i = 0; i < dataToDecode.length(); i += 5) {
+      long value = 0;
+      for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+        char c = dataToDecode.charAt(i + j);
+        int index = decoder.indexOf(c);
+        if (index == -1) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid character in encoded string: " + c);
+        }
+        value = value * 85 + index;
+      }
+      
+      int outIndex = (i / 5) * 4;
+      for (int j = 3; j >= 0; j--) {
+        decoded[outIndex + j] = (byte)(value & 0xFF);
+        value >>= 8;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // Remove padding bytes
+    if (paddingBytes > 0) {
+      byte[] result = new byte[decoded.length - paddingBytes];
+      System.arraycopy(decoded, 0, result, 0, result.length);
+      return result;
+    }
+    
+    return decoded;
+  }
+}
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