diff --git a/lib/kitchen/transport/rsync.rb b/lib/kitchen/transport/rsync.rb
index 302c3aa..03bd72c 100644
--- a/lib/kitchen/transport/rsync.rb
+++ b/lib/kitchen/transport/rsync.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def upload(locals, remote)
           time = Benchmark.realtime do
             ret << system(rsync_cmd)
           end
-          logger.info("[rsync] Time taken to upload #{rsync_candidates.join(';')} to #{self}:#{remote}: %.2f sec" % time)
+          logger.info("[rsync] Time taken to upload %s to %s:%s: %.2f sec" % [ rsync_candidates.join(';'), self, remote, time ])
           unless ret.first
             logger.warn("[rsync] rsync exited with status #{$?.exitstatus}, using SCP instead")
             @rsync_failed = true
@@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ def ssh_args
           args += %W{ -o IdentitiesOnly=yes } if @options[:keys]
           args += %W{ -o LogLevel=#{@logger.debug? ? "VERBOSE" : "ERROR"} }
           args += %W{ -o ForwardAgent=#{options[:forward_agent] ? "yes" : "no"} } if @options.key? :forward_agent
-          Array(@options[:keys]).each { |ssh_key| args += %W{ -i #{ssh_key}} }
+          # use '-o IdentityFile=/path/to/file' instead of '-i' flag.
+          # this fixes an error that shows up with:
+          # 'ssh_percent_expand: unknown key %2'
+          # when the path to key includes '%'.
+          Array(@options[:keys]).each { |ssh_key| args += %W{ -o IdentityFile=#{ssh_key.gsub('%', '%%')} } }
           args += %W{ -p #{@session.options[:port]}}
         end
       end
diff --git a/lib/kitchen/transport/sftp.rb b/lib/kitchen/transport/sftp.rb
index ff637c6..2d0472c 100644
--- a/lib/kitchen/transport/sftp.rb
+++ b/lib/kitchen/transport/sftp.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def upload(locals, remote)
             time = Benchmark.realtime do
               sftp_upload!(local, full_remote, options)
             end
-            logger.info("[SFTP] Time taken to upload #{local} to #{self}:#{full_remote}: %.2f sec" % time)
+            logger.info("[SFTP] Time taken to upload %s to %s:%s: %.2f sec" % [ local, self, full_remote, time])
           end
         end