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152 changes: 152 additions & 0 deletions .../zh/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/application-layer/circuit-breaker.md
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---
title: 熔断器
sidebar_position: 10
---

本文档提供了如何测试 Kmesh 熔断功能的分步指南。它涵盖了部署必要组件、配置流量规则以及观察熔断行为。

## 步骤 1. 部署 Kmesh

请阅读[快速入门](https://kmesh.net/docs/setup/quick-start)完成 Kmesh 的部署。

## 步骤 2. 部署 fortio 和 httpbin

``` sh
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medium

There is an extra space before the language identifier sh for this code block. For consistency with other code blocks in the document, it should be removed.

Suggested change
``` sh
```sh

kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: fortio
labels:
app: fortio
service: fortio
spec:
ports:
- port: 8080
name: http
selector:
app: fortio
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: fortio-deploy
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: fortio
template:
metadata:
annotations:
# This annotation causes Envoy to serve cluster.outbound statistics via 15000/stats
# in addition to the stats normally served by Istio. The Circuit Breaking example task
# gives an example of inspecting Envoy stats via proxy config.
Comment on lines +42 to +44
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medium

This comment block has not been translated. According to the PR description, all content should be translated. Please translate this comment to Chinese for completeness and consistency.

Suggested change
# This annotation causes Envoy to serve cluster.outbound statistics via 15000/stats
# in addition to the stats normally served by Istio. The Circuit Breaking example task
# gives an example of inspecting Envoy stats via proxy config.
# 此注解使 Envoy 通过 15000/stats 提供 cluster.outbound 统计信息，
# 这是对 Istio 通常提供的统计信息的补充。熔断示例任务
# 提供了一个通过代理配置检查 Envoy 统计信息的示例。

Comment on lines +42 to +44
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Copilot AI Dec 31, 2025

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The English comments inside the YAML configuration (lines 42-44) should be translated to Chinese for consistency with the rest of the document. These comments explain the purpose of the annotation and should be localized like other text in this translation.

Suggested change
# This annotation causes Envoy to serve cluster.outbound statistics via 15000/stats
# in addition to the stats normally served by Istio. The Circuit Breaking example task
# gives an example of inspecting Envoy stats via proxy config.
# 该注解会让 Envoy 通过 15000/stats 暴露 cluster.outbound 相关统计数据
# 除了 Istio 默认提供的统计信息之外，“熔断”示例任务
# 还演示了如何通过 proxy config 查看 Envoy 的统计数据。

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
proxy.istio.io/config: |-
proxyStatsMatcher:
inclusionPrefixes:
- "cluster.outbound"
- "cluster_manager"
- "listener_manager"
- "server"
- "cluster.xds-grpc"
labels:
app: fortio
spec:
containers:
- name: fortio
image: fortio/fortio:latest_release
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
name: http-fortio
- containerPort: 8079
name: grpc-ping
EOF
```

```sh
kubectl apply -f samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
```

## 步骤 3. 为 httpbin 配置 waypoint

首先，如果您尚未安装 Kubernetes Gateway API CRD，请运行以下命令进行安装。

``` sh
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medium

There is an extra space before the language identifier sh for this code block. For consistency with other code blocks in the document, it should be removed.

Suggested change
``` sh
```sh

kubectl get crd gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io &> /dev/null || \
{ kubectl kustomize "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/config/crd/experimental?ref=444631bfe06f3bcca5d0eadf1857eac1d369421d" | kubectl apply -f -; }
```

接下来，为 `httpbin` 服务创建专用的 Waypoint 代理，并为该服务添加标签以将其流量引导到此 Waypoint。

```sh
kmeshctl waypoint apply -n default --name httpbin-waypoint --image ghcr.io/kmesh-net/waypoint:latest
kubectl label service httpbin istio.io/use-waypoint=httpbin-waypoint
```

## 步骤 4. 配置 DestinationRule

```sh
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
host: httpbin
trafficPolicy:
connectionPool:
tcp:
# 到目标服务的最大 TCP 连接数
maxConnections: 1
http:
# 最大待处理 HTTP 请求数
http1MaxPendingRequests: 1
# 每个连接允许的最大请求数
maxRequestsPerConnection: 1
outlierDetection:
# 熔断器设置
consecutive5xxErrors: 1
interval: 1s
baseEjectionTime: 3m
maxEjectionPercent: 100
EOF
```

## 步骤 5. 通过 istioctl 查看 waypoint 中的 cds 配置

首先，获取 Waypoint Pod 的名称。

```sh
export WAYPOINT_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l gateway.networking.k8s.io/gateway-name=httpbin-waypoint -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
```

然后，查看配置。

```sh
istioctl proxy-config all $WAYPOINT_POD
```

## 步骤 6. 通过 fortio 访问查看实际现象

现在，让我们使用 `fortio` 向 `httpbin` 发送大量流量。

```sh
export FORTIO_POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=fortio -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}')

kubectl exec "$FORTIO_POD" -c fortio -- /usr/bin/fortio load -c 5 -qps 0 -n 50 -loglevel Warning http://httpbin:8000/get
```

您应该会看到一些请求因 503 错误而失败，这表明熔断器正在按预期工作。

```sh
...
IP addresses distribution:
10.96.56.163:8000: 33
Code 200 : 19 (38.0 %)
Code 503 : 31 (62.0 %)
Response Header Sizes : count 50 avg 114.38 +/- 146.1 min 0 max 301 sum 5719
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 50 avg 382.48 +/- 46.6 min 346 max 442 sum 19124
All done 50 calls (plus 0 warmup) 3.162 ms avg, 1247.0 qps
```