Cross post from dotnet/aspnetcore#57181
I couldn't find a Visual Studio Github to report this, but basically the out of the box dotnet templates that most dotnet developers will be using as their first foray into Docker do not work.
The dotnet templates host web services over HTTPS and as such the docker launch target is configured to use SSL, however there is no automatic set up/default creation of development certificates so debugging docker will never work.
If you target something like IIS Express or Kestrel you will be prompted to generate development certificates and Visual Studio will do the registration for you.