From b1667097f7b7a4ad0e96fa557d21c7f7772ec7b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: m-miedema <39968233+m-miedema@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Jul 2025 09:19:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/16] Update datatypes.yaml

I'm not sure if a corresponding change should be made to modalities.yaml, I'm having trouble finding where the latter table is used by the compiler macros.
---
 src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml b/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
index 333cc4d922..a9ebfff3b3 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ phenotype:
     Participant level measurement data
     (for example, responses from multiple questionnaires)
     split into individual files separate from `participants.tsv`.
+physio:
+  value: physio
+  display_name: Physiological Data
+  description: |
+    Continuous peripheral physiological recordings such as respiratory, cardiac, pulse, gastric fluctuations, skin conductance, or blood pressure changes.
 nirs:
   value: nirs
   display_name: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

From c6b339e88a4433a8b26e7fa28d3d7a9a8a119859 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 15:35:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/16] Incorporate physio BEP section 4

---
 .../physiological-recordings.md               | 169 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 169 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index 14740b1b6f..a1d076ba57 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -181,3 +181,172 @@ A guide for using macros can be found at
       },
    }
 ) }}
+
+## Raw Physiological Data
+
+### 1. File formats and directory structure
+
+#### 1.1 General principles
+
+The file and dataset naming conventions for physiological data follow the common principles of BIDS. When present, physiological recordings **SHOULD** be stored as compressed tabular files (`.tsv.gz` format) along with corresponding JSON files for storing metadata fields (see below).
+
+An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
+
+```
+dataset/
+[...]
+sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
+physio/
+sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json
+sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz
+
+dataset/
+[...]
+sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
+func/
+   [...]
+<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json
+<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz
+```
+
+When recording physiological data, we **RECOMMEND** to always record and save the data with the least amount of processing possible applied to it following this specification. If derivatives are computed in real time, we **RECOMMEND** to save them following the derivatives BEP, and to also store raw data following this concBEP.
+
+#### 1.2 Splitting concurrently acquired data into multiple files
+
+Recorded physio data **MUST** be split into separate data files in case of difference in top-level metadata like `SamplingFrequency`, `Software`, and `Manufacturer` of the main recording device (i.e., data source). These top-level metadata are discussed in the following section.
+
+Data with common top-level metadata **MAY** be kept aggregated in one file otherwise, or split based on channel type, if preferred. The sole exception is eye tracking data, that **MUST** be split in its own file, following BEP020 specifications.
+
+We generally recommend keeping different files from different recording devices separate, but the option to keep data together acknowledges not only current standards in data collection, but also the fact that often physiological data is inspected and analysed together to get a clearer picture of what the fluctuations describe (e.g., looking at ventilation and respiration together, or PPG and ECG for motion artifacts).
+
+Moreover, the set of metadata we are proposing managed to consider most, if not all, possible channel types - with the exception of eye tracking. Thus, the choice to aggregate physiological data with common key metadata in a single file is left to user preference.
+
+We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological channels in the same file when concurrent modalities are collected (e.g. functional MRI or EEG).
+
+**For example:**
+
+**Splitting recorded data into separate physio data files**
+```
+dataset/
+[...]
+sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
+physio/
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.json
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.tsv.gz
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.json
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.tsv.gz
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.json
+sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
+```
+
+**Combining recorded data into one pair of physio data files**
+```
+dataset/
+[...]
+sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
+physio/
+sub-001_ses-01_physio.json
+sub-001_ses-01_physio.tsv.gz
+```
+
+It is possible that the `recording-<label>` entity uses terms that could be confused with metadata field values, such as `MeasurementType` or `SamplingFrequency`. In that case, the lowest metadata level available should always be interpreted as the most reliable information. For instance, if the file name contains `recording-1000hz` but the `SamplingFrequency` metadata indicates a sampling frequency of 100Hz, data **MUST** be interpreted as being sampled at 100 Hz. Similarly, if the entity `recording-ecg` is used, but the `MeasurementType` metadata of the contained columns indicate “ppg” and “Ventilation”, the data **MUST** be interpreted as PPG and Ventilation, and not ECG.
+
+---
+
+### 2. JSON Data files
+
+Metadata sidecar files (`<matches>_physio.json`) **SHOULD** define the field `PhysioType`. This field indicates a specific type of formatting, rather than a physiological modality. The `PhysioType` `"generic"` value, being the default, **MUST** be assumed if the `PhysioType` metadata is not defined.
+
+All metadata we are proposing are either **OPTIONAL** or **RECOMMENDED**, and they are meant to enrich the current `"generic"` `PhysioType`. However, we are also suggesting the introduction of a `"specified"` `PhysioType`, that will differ from `"generic"` because one proposed metadata, `MeasureType`, will be **REQUIRED** rather than **RECOMMENDED**. Equally, the `Units` metadata will be **REQUIRED** instead of **RECOMMENDED** in this case.
+
+Compared to the current BIDS specification (1.10.0), at the file level we are adding one metadata, the **OPTIONAL** `SubjectPosition`, indicating the position of the subject during the data collection (see section 2.1).
+
+When specifying column names, columns **MUST** have unique names. All such data columns **MUST** be appropriately defined in the JSON metadata.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "Columns": ["screda1", "screda2", "ecg", "ppg"],
+  "SamplingFrequency": 1000,
+  "SubjectPosition": "sitting",
+  "PhysioType": "specified",
+  ...
+  "screda1": {
+    "MeasureType": "EDA-phasic",
+    "Units": "mS",
+    "Placement": "Thenar",
+    ...
+  },
+  "screda2": {
+    "MeasureType": "EDA-tonic",
+    "Units": "mS",
+    "Placement": "Hypothenar",
+    ...
+  },
+  "ecg": {
+    "MeasureType": "ECG",
+    "Units": "mV",
+    "Placement": "II",
+    ...
+  },
+  "ppg": {
+    "MeasureType": "PPG",
+    "Units": "au",
+    "Placement": "Right earlobe",
+    ...
+  },
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+As described in the following table (Section 2.2), this BEP is adding a few metadata to describe columns.
+
+- The most important one is `MeasureType`, a **RECOMMENDED** metadata that indicates the actual nature of the data in the column. 
+    - This metadata value is a string that **MUST** come from a set of keywords (see table 2.2).
+    - This set of keywords can be expanded in the future to include more physiological modalities. 
+    - When the file-level metadata `PhysioType` is `"specified"`, `MeasureType` becomes a **REQUIRED** field for each column.
+
+This metadata is meant to be the most reliable indicator of the type of data contained in the described column. Having a reliable and standardized indication of what type of data is being handled allows automated modality specific data processing and prevents data misuse.
+
+Furthermore, we are proposing that `Units` becomes a **REQUIRED** metadata when `PhysioType` is `"Specified"`. Not only this helps to better reflect the possible quantitative nature of physiological data, but since similarly labelled data (e.g. Ventilation) can be expressed in different units, indicating different underlying processes, sensors, or levels of real-time preprocessing and data manipulation (e.g. transformation from Volts to millimeters of Mercury), making this field more explicit in the section regarding physiological data will help improve data interpretation. Specification of units **SHOULD** follow the International System of Units (see BIDS specification).
+
+We are also introducing a `Placement` **RECOMMENDED** metadata, that describes the position of the sensor during data collection. For instance, a file could have three columns of ventilation data, one collected at the navel, one at the diaphragm, and one at the armpit level, in which case `Placement` values would be “Navel”, “Diaphragm”, and “Armpit” respectively. In case the data describes gas concentration, such as CO2 or O2, `Placement` **SHOULD** be used to indicate if a “Nose” cannula versus a “Mouth” mouthpiece or a “Mask” was used.
+
+The three metadata at this level describing hardware are:
+
+- `ChannelManufacturersModelName` (**RECOMMENDED**)
+- `ChannelManufacturers` (**RECOMMENDED**)
+- `ChannelDeviceSerialNumber` (**OPTIONAL**)
+
+These metadata are meant to describe the nature of the equipment used to record data. Different components from different manufacturers could be used at the same time in a “patchwork” approach in which a sensor or amplifier from manufacturer A is connected to the recording device of manufacturer B, and even the same manufacturer could provide two or more options to measure the same type of data. Many setups that differ in this way introduce a potential difference in data processing (e.g. digital vs analogical lags, delays and sharpness of the recording, quantification, …).
+
+Thus, we **RECOMMEND** to increase the granularity of the setup description for each column, and we **RECOMMEND** to report names and manufacturers (when different from the main unit) of sensors, connective elements (e.g. cannulae or cables), and amplifiers. Serial numbers **MAY** be reported as well.
+
+In this framework, it is crucial to distinguish between the different fields available for specifying recording equipment in the meta-data: at the top-level, the main recording device and software are characterized in meta-data fields such as `SoftwareModels` and `DeviceSerialNumber`, while at the column-level, information about channel-specific hardware is characterized in meta-data fields such as `ChannelDeviceSerialNumber`.
+
+We provide the example shown above to assist in determining the main recording device in common physiological acquisition set-ups. In the example shown above, three different recording systems are being used to concurrently acquire physiological data. The first system acquires two channels of physiological data with software A and main recording device ‘a’, which both would be specified using the top-level fields in the accompanying meta-data. Upstream, hardware such as amplifiers, filters, cables, and sensors would be specified using column-level fields specific to each channel in the accompanying meta-data. In the second system, one channel of physiological data is being acquired by main recording device ‘b’ and wirelessly transmitted to software B. In this case, the sensor attached to device ‘b’ can still be specified using column-level meta-data fields if it is an independent product. In the third system, data is acquired by a physiological monitoring unit which is integrated with an MRI scanner (device ‘c’), which itself acts as the main recording device. In case of using networked middleware systems such as the lab streaming layer, where the data may be centrally recorded, the central recording computer itself **MAY** be considered the main recording device.
+
+Finally, the `AmplifierSettings` is a dictionary meant to be filled with potential amplifier settings that can manipulate the data collection at the source, e.g. low-pass filters or DC/AC currents. Because each amplifier and each manufacturer have different settings, we cannot define further the content of this dictionary, but we suggest using manufacturer specific pairs of keys and values. In this dictionary, we also **SUGGEST** reporting eventual data transformations (e.g. the exact formula used to transform gas pressure from measured Voltage to millimetres of Mercury).
+
+More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be found in the tables below.
+
+---
+
+### 2.1 Metadata fields used in top level metadata 
+
+We highlight in *italics* the changes from the current specification.
+| Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
+|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+| Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
+| Row 2-A  | Row 2-B  | Row 2-C  | Row 2-D  |
+| Row 3-A  | Row 3-B  | Row 3-C  | Row 3-D  |
+
+### 2.2 Metadata fields for column description
+| Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
+|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+| Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
+| Row 2-A  | Row 2-B  | Row 2-C  | Row 2-D  |
+| Row 3-A  | Row 3-B  | Row 3-C  | Row 3-D  |
+
+---

From 53f10e7468e3704a0e4fe57a481ec25427260633 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 17:07:58 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/16] Update macros

---
 .../physiological-recordings.md                        | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index a1d076ba57..a071b7a4a9 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ A guide for using macros can be found at
 The file and dataset naming conventions for physiological data follow the common principles of BIDS. When present, physiological recordings **SHOULD** be stored as compressed tabular files (`.tsv.gz` format) along with corresponding JSON files for storing metadata fields (see below).
 
 An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
-
+{{ MACROS___make_filename_template()}}
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
 **For example:**
 
 **Splitting recorded data into separate physio data files**
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@ sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
 ```
 
 **Combining recorded data into one pair of physio data files**
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]
@@ -336,17 +338,15 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 ### 2.1 Metadata fields used in top level metadata 
 
 We highlight in *italics* the changes from the current specification.
+{{ MACROS___make_sidecar_table(["continuous.Continuous"]) }}
 | Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
 |----------|----------|----------|----------|
 | Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
-| Row 2-A  | Row 2-B  | Row 2-C  | Row 2-D  |
-| Row 3-A  | Row 3-B  | Row 3-C  | Row 3-D  |
 
 ### 2.2 Metadata fields for column description
+{{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
 | Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
 |----------|----------|----------|----------|
 | Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
-| Row 2-A  | Row 2-B  | Row 2-C  | Row 2-D  |
-| Row 3-A  | Row 3-B  | Row 3-C  | Row 3-D  |
 
 ---

From 8c6fd4c750b8698dd1025a0452978ab13ab187ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 17:08:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/16] Update physiological-recordings.md

---
 src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index a071b7a4a9..a3f3fbde77 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ A guide for using macros can be found at
 The file and dataset naming conventions for physiological data follow the common principles of BIDS. When present, physiological recordings **SHOULD** be stored as compressed tabular files (`.tsv.gz` format) along with corresponding JSON files for storing metadata fields (see below).
 
 An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
+
 {{ MACROS___make_filename_template()}}
 ```
 dataset/

From 38eea32fb406b73315346ee026164e190856f688 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 17:09:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/16] Update physiological-recordings.md

---
 src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index a3f3fbde77..f3ee400a64 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
 **For example:**
 
 **Splitting recorded data into separate physio data files**
+
 {{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
 ```
 dataset/
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
 ```
 
 **Combining recorded data into one pair of physio data files**
+
 {{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
 ```
 dataset/
@@ -339,12 +341,14 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 ### 2.1 Metadata fields used in top level metadata 
 
 We highlight in *italics* the changes from the current specification.
+
 {{ MACROS___make_sidecar_table(["continuous.Continuous"]) }}
 | Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
 |----------|----------|----------|----------|
 | Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
 
 ### 2.2 Metadata fields for column description
+
 {{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
 | Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
 |----------|----------|----------|----------|

From bee9e7c42bb6cb269c1ceaca4e1422707f16422c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 17:21:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/16] Update physiological-recordings.md

---
 .../physiological-recordings.md               | 184 ------------------
 1 file changed, 184 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index f3ee400a64..a1da285ad6 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -1,187 +1,3 @@
-# Physiological recordings
-
-Physiological recordings such as cardiac and respiratory signals MAY be
-specified using a [compressed tabular file](../common-principles.md#compressed-tabular-files)
-([TSV.GZ file](../glossary.md#tsv_gz-extensions)) and a corresponding
-JSON file for storing metadata fields (see below).
-
-!!! example "Example datasets"
-
-      [Example datasets](https://bids-standard.github.io/bids-examples/#dataset-index)
-      with physiological data have been formatted using this specification
-      and can be used for practical guidance when curating a new dataset:
-
-      -   [`7t_trt`](https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-examples/tree/master/7t_trt)
-      -   [`ds210`](https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-examples/tree/master/ds210)
-
-{{ MACROS___make_filename_template(
-       "raw",
-       placeholders=True,
-       show_entities=["recording"],
-       suffixes=["physio"]
-   )
-}}
-
-!!! warning "Caution"
-
-    `<matches>_physio.tsv.gz` files MUST NOT include a header line, as established by the
-    [common-principles](../common-principles.md#compressed-tabular-files).
-    As a result, when supplying a `<matches>_physio.tsv.gz` file, an accompanying
-    `<matches>_physio.json` MUST be present to indicate the column names.
-
-The [`recording-<label>`](../appendices/entities.md#recording)
-entity MAY be used to distinguish between several recording files.
-For example `sub-01_task-bart_recording-eyetracking_physio.tsv.gz` to contain
-the eyetracking data in a certain sampling frequency, and
-`sub-01_task-bart_recording-breathing_physio.tsv.gz` to contain respiratory
-measurements in a different sampling frequency.
-
-Physiological recordings (including eyetracking) MUST use the `_physio` suffix.
-
-The following tables specify metadata fields for the `*_physio.json` file.
-
-<!-- This block generates a metadata table.
-These tables are defined in
-  src/schema/rules/sidecars
-The definitions of the fields specified in these tables may be found in
-  src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
-A guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_sidecar_table(["continuous.Continuous"]) }}
-
-## Hardware information
-
-<!-- This block generates a metadata table.
-These tables are defined in
-  src/schema/rules/sidecars
-The definitions of the fields specified in these tables may be found in
-  src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
-A guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_sidecar_table(["continuous.PhysioHardware"]) }}
-
-Additional metadata may be included as in
-[any TSV file](../common-principles.md#tabular-files) to specify, for
-example, the units of the recorded time series.
-
-Example `*_physio.tsv.gz`:
-
-<!-- This block generates a file tree.
-A guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
-   {
-   "sub-control01": {
-      "func": {
-         "sub-control01_task-nback_physio.tsv.gz": "",
-         },
-      },
-   }
-) }}
-
-(after decompression)
-
-```tsvgz {linenums="1"}
-34	110	0
-44	112	0
-23	100	1
-```
-
-Example `*_physio.json`:
-
-<!-- This block generates a file tree.
-A guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
-   {
-   "sub-control01": {
-      "func": {
-         "sub-control01_task-nback_physio.json": "",
-         },
-      },
-   }
-) }}
-
-```JSON
-{
-    "SamplingFrequency": 100.0,
-    "StartTime": -22.345,
-    "Columns": ["cardiac", "respiratory", "trigger"],
-    "Manufacturer": "Brain Research Equipment ltd.",
-    "cardiac": {
-        "Description": "continuous pulse measurement",
-        "Units": "mV"
-        },
-    "respiratory": {
-        "Description": "continuous measurements by respiration belt",
-        "Units": "mV"
-        },
-    "trigger": {
-        "Description": "continuous measurement of the scanner trigger signal"
-        }
-}
-```
-
-Note how apart from the general metadata fields like `SamplingFrequency`, `StartTime`, `Columns`,
-and `Manufacturer`,
-each individual column in the TSV file may be documented as its own field in the JSON file
-(identical to the practice in other TSV+JSON file pairs).
-Here, only the `Description` and `Units` fields are shown, but you may use any other of the
-[defined fields](../common-principles.md#tabular-files) such as `TermURL`, `LongName`, and so on.
-In this example, the `"cardiac"` and `"respiratory"` time series are produced by devices from
-the same manufacturer and follow the same sampling frequency.
-To specify different sampling frequencies or manufacturers, the time series would have to be split
-into separate files like `*_recording-cardiac_physio.<tsv.gz|json>` and `*_recording-respiratory_physio.<tsv.gz|json>`.
-
-## Recommendations for specific use cases
-
-To store pulse or breathing measurements, or the scanner trigger signal, the
-following naming conventions SHOULD be used for the column names:
-
-<!-- This block generates a columns table.
-The definitions of these fields can be found in
-  src/schema/rules/tabular_data/*.yaml
-and a guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
-
-For any other data to be specified in columns, the column names can be chosen
-as deemed appropriate by the researcher.
-
-Recordings with different sampling frequencies or starting times should be
-stored in separate files
-(and the [`recording-<label>`](../appendices/entities.md#recording)
-entity MAY be used to distinguish these files).
-
-For motion parameters acquired from MRI scanner side motion correction, the
-`_physio` suffix MUST be used.
-
-For multi-echo data, a given `physio.tsv` file is applicable to all echos of
-a particular run.
-For example:
-
-<!-- This block generates a file tree.
-A guide for using macros can be found at
- https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification/blob/master/macros_doc.md
--->
-{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
-   {
-   "sub-01": {
-      "func": {
-        "sub-01_task-cuedSGT_run-1_physio.tsv.gz": "",
-        "sub-01_task-cuedSGT_run-1_echo-1_bold.nii.gz": "",
-        "sub-01_task-cuedSGT_run-1_echo-2_bold.nii.gz": "",
-        "sub-01_task-cuedSGT_run-1_echo-3_bold.nii.gz": "",
-         },
-      },
-   }
-) }}
-
 ## Raw Physiological Data
 
 ### 1. File formats and directory structure

From c51403244251fe23079910f8edde0f93815b08f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 17:29:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/16] Update physiological-recordings.md macros

---
 .../physiological-recordings.md               | 39 +++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index a1da285ad6..8a471ef6c4 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -8,7 +8,14 @@ The file and dataset naming conventions for physiological data follow the common
 
 An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
 
-{{ MACROS___make_filename_template()}}
+{{ MACROS___make_filename_template(
+       "raw",
+       placeholders=True,
+       show_entities=["recording"],
+       suffixes=["physio"]
+   )
+}}
+
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]
@@ -44,7 +51,22 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
 
 **Splitting recorded data into separate physio data files**
 
-{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
+   {
+   "sub-001": {
+      "ses-01": {
+         "physio": {
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.tsv.gz": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.tsv.gz": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz": ""
+            },
+         },
+      }
+   }
+) }}
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]
@@ -60,7 +82,18 @@ sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
 
 **Combining recorded data into one pair of physio data files**
 
-{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example() }}
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
+   {
+   "sub-001": {
+      "ses-01": {
+         "physio": {
+            "sub-001_ses-01_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_physio.tsv.gz": ""
+            },
+         },
+      }
+   }
+) }}
 ```
 dataset/
 [...]

From 347c635377bb9176457a33c923d0c83c24676d17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: m-miedema <39968233+m-miedema@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 14:58:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/16] Migrate new/updated metadata fields relevant for raw
 data

Some checks on formatting (particularly for how I entered the allowable values) might be necessary here, I also added some comments on the BEP document to flag potential issues or changes we could make going forward.
---
 src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
index acb7fa4447..33fc8d1345 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ AcquisitionMode:
   description: |
     Type of acquisition of the PET data (for example, `"list mode"`).
   type: string
+AcquisitionObservations:
+  name: AcquisitionObservations
+  display_name: Acquisition Observations
+  description: |
+    General observations during the acquisition that might alter physiological fluctuations, 
+    their recording, or their QC/QA (e.g. subject moves hands often, or does not comply with instructions).
+  type: string
 AcquisitionVoxelSize:
   name: AcquisitionVoxelSize
   display_name: Acquisition Voxel Size
@@ -49,6 +56,13 @@ AcquisitionVoxelSize:
     type: number
     exclusiveMinimum: 0
     unit: mm
+AmplifierSettings:
+  name: AmplifierSettings
+  display_name: AmplifierSettings
+  description: |
+    Amplifier settings during data acquisition (e.g. gain, sampling filters, bandwidth, etc.)
+    Strings MAY be represented in the format Setting:Value  (e.g. Gain:10)
+  type: array of strings
 Anaesthesia:
   name: Anaesthesia
   display_name: Anaesthesia
@@ -416,6 +430,36 @@ CellType:
     Values SHOULD come from the
     [cell ontology](https://obofoundry.org/ontology/cl.html).
   type: string
+ChannelDeviceSerialNumber:
+  name: ChannelDeviceSerialNumber
+  display_name: Channel Device Serial Number
+  description: |
+    The serial number(s) of each piece of hardware equipment that 
+    produced the measurements, including the sensor, connecting cables, 
+    and amplifiers. Equipment should be listed in order of attachment, 
+    from participant to recording device. A pseudonym can also be used to 
+    prevent the equipment from being identifiable, so long as each 
+    pseudonym is unique within the dataset.
+  type: string or array of strings
+ChannelManufacturer:
+  name: ChannelManufacturer
+  display_name: Channel Manufacturer
+  description: |
+    Manufacturer(s) of each piece of the equipment that 
+    produced the measurements upstream of the recording device, including 
+    the sensor, connecting cables, and amplifiers. If more than one manufacturer 
+    applies, list the manufacturer for each piece of hardware, in order 
+    of attachment from participant to recording device.
+  type: string or array of strings
+ChannelManufacturersModelName:
+  name: ChannelManufacturersModelName
+  display_name: Channel Manufacturers Model Name
+  description: |
+    Manufacturer's model name(s) of each piece of hardware equipment that 
+    produced the measurements upstream of the recording device, including 
+    the sensor, connecting cables, and amplifiers. Equipment should be listed 
+    in order of attachment, from participant to recording device.
+  type: string or array of strings
 ChemicalShiftOffset:
   name: ChemicalShiftOffset
   display_name: Chemical Shift Offset
@@ -519,6 +563,14 @@ Columns:
   type: array
   items:
     type: string
+ConcurrenceGroup:
+  name: ConcurrenceGroup
+  display_name: ConcurrenceGroup
+  description: |
+    An identifier shared by files recorded concurrently. 
+    Each "ConcurrenceGroup" MUST be a unique string within one participant's tree, 
+    shared only by the continuously recorded data which was measured simultaneously.
+  type: string
 ContinuousHeadLocalization:
   name: ContinuousHeadLocalization
   display_name: Continuous Head Localization
@@ -719,7 +771,8 @@ DeviceSerialNumber:
   name: DeviceSerialNumber
   display_name: Device Serial Number
   description: |
-    The serial number of the equipment that produced the measurements.
+    The serial number of the equipment that recorded the measurements:
+    that is, the main recording device.
     A pseudonym can also be used to prevent the equipment from being
     identifiable, so long as each pseudonym is unique within the dataset.
   type: string
@@ -2097,13 +2150,13 @@ Manufacturer:
   name: Manufacturer
   display_name: Manufacturer
   description: |
-    Manufacturer of the equipment that produced the measurements.
+    Manufacturer of the main equipment that recorded the measurements.
   type: string
 ManufacturersModelName:
   name: ManufacturersModelName
   display_name: Manufacturers Model Name
   description: |
-    Manufacturer's model name of the equipment that produced the measurements.
+    Manufacturer's model name of the main equipment that recorded the measurements.
   type: string
 MatrixCoilMode:
   name: MatrixCoilMode
@@ -2151,6 +2204,26 @@ MeasurementToolMetadata:
       format: uri
     Description:
       type: string
+MeasureType:
+  name: MeasureType
+  display_name: Measure Type
+  description: |
+    Describes the category of physiological data which was recorded.
+  type: string
+  enum:
+  - Trigger, 
+  - PPG 
+  - ECG 
+  - Ventilation
+  - CO2
+  - O2
+  - PetCO2
+  - PetO2
+  - EDA-tonic
+  - EDA-phasic
+  - EDA-total
+  - BP 
+  - Other
 MetaboliteAvail:
   name: MetaboliteAvail
   display_name: Metabolite Available
@@ -2593,6 +2666,17 @@ PhotoDescription:
   description: |
     Description of the photo.
   type: string
+PhysioType:
+  name: PhysioType
+  display_name: PhysioType
+  description: |
+    Defines the specific type of physiological recording. 
+    For backwards compatibility, the default value is "generic".
+  type: string
+  enum:
+    - generic
+    - specified
+    - eyetracking
 PixelSize:
   name: PixelSize
   display_name: Pixel Size
@@ -2622,6 +2706,13 @@ PixelSizeUnits:
     - mm
     - um
     - nm
+Placement:
+  name: Placement
+  display_name: Placement
+  description: |
+    Placement of sensor on the measurement subject. 
+    Non-physiological and trigger columns must have “n/a”.
+  type: string
 PlasmaAvail:
   name: PlasmaAvail
   display_name: Plasma Avail
@@ -3377,6 +3468,12 @@ SoftwareFilters:
     - type: string
       enum:
         - n/a
+SoftwareModels:
+  name: SoftwareModels
+  display_name: Software Models
+  description: |
+    Name of the software which recorded the measurements.
+  type: string
 SoftwareName:
   name: SoftwareName
   display_name: Software Name
@@ -3595,9 +3692,12 @@ StartTime:
   display_name: Start Time
   description: |
     Start time in seconds in relation to the start of acquisition of the first
-    data sample in the corresponding (neural) dataset (negative values are allowed).
+    data sample in a reference file sharing the same "ConcurrenceGroup" identifier 
+    (negative values are allowed). Within each set of “ConcurrenceGroup” files, 
+    a reference file MUST be designated with a “StartTime” equaling 0.
     This data MAY be specified with sub-second precision using the syntax `s[.000000]`,
     where `s` reflects whole seconds, and `.000000` reflects OPTIONAL fractional seconds.
+    If no ConcurrenceGroup identifier is defined, the StartTime should be set to 0.
   type: number
   unit: s
 StationName:
@@ -3652,6 +3752,27 @@ SubjectArtefactDescription:
     If this field is set to `"n/a"`, it will be interpreted as absence of major
     source of artifacts except cardiac and blinks.
   type: string
+SubjectArtefactDescription:
+  name: SubjectArtefactDescription
+  display_name: Subject Artifact Description
+  description: |
+    Freeform description of the observed subject artifact and its possible cause
+    (for example, `"Vagus Nerve Stimulator"`, `"non-removable implant"`).
+    If this field is set to `"n/a"`, it will be interpreted as absence of major
+    source of artifacts except cardiac and blinks.
+  type: string
+SubjectPosition:
+  name: SubjectPosition
+  display_name: Subject Position
+  description: |
+    Position of the subject during data acquisition.
+  type: string
+  enum:
+  - prone
+  - supine
+  - standing
+  - sitting
+  - reclined
 TablePosition:
   name: TablePosition
   display_name: Table Position

From 40f17e5cdb402b3a615d0a82b5d7be863669ecad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: m-miedema <39968233+m-miedema@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 09:05:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/16] Addresses #21: adds PhysioTypeEnriched

---
 src/schema/objects/enums.yaml | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml b/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
index d2da4fd509..ca5be083f6 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
@@ -1436,3 +1436,8 @@ microvascular:
   display_name: microvascular
   description: |
     The origin of a tissue: microvascular
+PhysioTypeEnriched:
+  value: enriched
+  display_name: Enriched Physiological Recording
+  description: |
+    Physiological recording data accompanied by enriched metadata.

From 69af9aed3547ed84039e85f1ac8893614b5bdfa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: m-miedema <39968233+m-miedema@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 20:38:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/16] Added MeasureType entries to enums, updated metadata
 accordingly.

---
 src/schema/objects/enums.yaml    | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml | 24 +++++------
 2 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml b/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
index ca5be083f6..90e6b9b6b7 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/enums.yaml
@@ -1441,3 +1441,73 @@ PhysioTypeEnriched:
   display_name: Enriched Physiological Recording
   description: |
     Physiological recording data accompanied by enriched metadata.
+PPG__physio:
+  value: PPG
+  display_name: Photoplethysmography (PPG)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous optical measurements capturing cardiac pulsation.
+Trigger:
+  value: Trigger
+  display_name: Trigger
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous digital (binary TTL) or analog (TTL in Volt) values indicating scanner triggers.
+ECG__physio:
+  value: ECG
+  display_name: Electrocardiogram (ECG)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous electrical measurements capturing cardiac activity.
+Ventilation:
+  value: Ventilation
+  display_name: Ventilation
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous breathing measurements, e.g. signal acquired using a respiratory belt.
+CO2:
+  value: CO2
+  display_name: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of the carbon dioxide concentration in expired air..
+O2:
+  value: O2
+  display_name: Oxygen (O2)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of the oxygen concentration from respiratory gases.
+PETCO2:
+  value: PETCO2
+  display_name: End-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhalation.
+PETO2:
+  value: PETO2
+  display_name: End-tidal oxygen (PETO2)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of the end-tidal pressure of oxygen at the end of an inhalation.
+EDA:
+  value: EDA
+  display_name: Electrodermal activity (EDA)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of changes in the electrical properties of the skin.
+BP:
+  value: BP
+  display_name: Blood pressure (BP)
+  tags:
+    - physio
+  description: |
+    Continuous measurements of the blood pressure waveform representing changes in arterial pressure over time.
diff --git a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
index 33fc8d1345..35085b04f0 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
@@ -2211,19 +2211,17 @@ MeasureType:
     Describes the category of physiological data which was recorded.
   type: string
   enum:
-  - Trigger, 
-  - PPG 
-  - ECG 
-  - Ventilation
-  - CO2
-  - O2
-  - PetCO2
-  - PetO2
-  - EDA-tonic
-  - EDA-phasic
-  - EDA-total
-  - BP 
-  - Other
+    - $ref: objects.enums.BP.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.PPG__physio.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.ECG__physio.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.Ventilation.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.EDA.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.CO2.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.O2.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.PETCO2.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.PETO2.value
+    - $ref: objects.enums.Trigger.value
+    - Other
 MetaboliteAvail:
   name: MetaboliteAvail
   display_name: Metabolite Available

From dc31b8904f907ec7c4b84c7bae5bc2fd9ab64ce2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 09:53:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 11/16] Update physiological recordings MACROS_filetree

---
 .../physiological-recordings.md               | 73 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index 8a471ef6c4..afae5e798b 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -17,20 +17,36 @@ An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
 }}
 
 ```
-dataset/
-[...]
-sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
-physio/
-sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json
-sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
+{
+"dataset":{
+   "sub-<label>": {
+      "ses-<label>": {
+         "physio": {
+            "sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-<label>[_ses-<label>]_task-<label>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz": "",
+            },
+         },
+      }
+   }
+}
+) }}
+
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
+{
+"dataset":{
+   "sub-<label>": {
+      "ses-<label>": {
+         "func": {
+            "<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json": "",
+            "<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz": "",
+            },
+         },
+      }
+   }
+}
+) }}
 
-dataset/
-[...]
-sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
-func/
-   [...]
-<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.json
-<matches>_[recording-<label>]_physio.tsv.gz
 ```
 
 When recording physiological data, we **RECOMMEND** to always record and save the data with the least amount of processing possible applied to it following this specification. If derivatives are computed in real time, we **RECOMMEND** to save them following the derivatives BEP, and to also store raw data following this concBEP.
@@ -95,12 +111,21 @@ sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
    }
 ) }}
 ```
-dataset/
-[...]
-sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
-physio/
-sub-001_ses-01_physio.json
-sub-001_ses-01_physio.tsv.gz
+{{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
+{
+"dataset":{
+   "sub-<label>": {
+      "ses-<label>": {
+         "physio": {
+            "sub-001_ses-01_physio.json": "",
+            "sub-001_ses-01_physio.tsv.gz": "",
+            },
+         },
+      }
+   }
+}
+) }}
+
 ```
 
 It is possible that the `recording-<label>` entity uses terms that could be confused with metadata field values, such as `MeasurementType` or `SamplingFrequency`. In that case, the lowest metadata level available should always be interpreted as the most reliable information. For instance, if the file name contains `recording-1000hz` but the `SamplingFrequency` metadata indicates a sampling frequency of 100Hz, data **MUST** be interpreted as being sampled at 100 Hz. Similarly, if the entity `recording-ecg` is used, but the `MeasurementType` metadata of the contained columns indicate “ppg” and “Ventilation”, the data **MUST** be interpreted as PPG and Ventilation, and not ECG.
@@ -189,18 +214,8 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 
 ### 2.1 Metadata fields used in top level metadata 
 
-We highlight in *italics* the changes from the current specification.
-
 {{ MACROS___make_sidecar_table(["continuous.Continuous"]) }}
-| Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
-|----------|----------|----------|----------|
-| Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
 
 ### 2.2 Metadata fields for column description
 
-{{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
-| Key name | Requirement level | Data type | Description |
-|----------|----------|----------|----------|
-| Row 1-A  | Row 1-B  | Row 1-C  | Row 1-D  |
-
 ---

From 0cb713a5728cad112cfc6ccb3ffd1de6af85a1b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 09:54:08 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 12/16] Remove repetitive examples

Removed example file structure for physiological recordings.
---
 .../physiological-recordings.md                      | 12 ------------
 1 file changed, 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index afae5e798b..3c34603d2e 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -83,18 +83,6 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
       }
    }
 ) }}
-```
-dataset/
-[...]
-sub-<label>/[ses-<label>/]
-physio/
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.json
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-scr_physio.tsv.gz
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.json
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-ecg_physio.tsv.gz
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.json
-sub-001_ses-01_recording-resp_physio.tsv.gz
-```
 
 **Combining recorded data into one pair of physio data files**
 

From 652cbe5493771e146f7dadacaa83b3b51c44682e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 09:55:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/16] Add columns table for physiological recordings metadata

---
 src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index 3c34603d2e..fb0c8150ee 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -206,4 +206,6 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 
 ### 2.2 Metadata fields for column description
 
+{{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
+
 ---

From a7f11a0780b0f052b8f8dc1f34c34487e80c9ba3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 11:11:33 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 14/16] Add MeasureType descriptions section

Add MeasureType descriptions section to documentation
---
 src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index fb0c8150ee..9e97c00ccf 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -208,4 +208,6 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 
 {{ MACROS___make_columns_table("physio.PhysioColumns") }}
 
+### 2.3 MeasureType descriptions
+
 ---

From 02511539fe85e45bc8ff72b7ba23f19cf43929ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 11:25:15 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 15/16] Update physiological recordings documentation

Removed unnecessary code blocks and clarified recommendations for recording physiological data.
---
 src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md | 7 +------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index 9e97c00ccf..b3070b0ba3 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
    )
 }}
 
-```
 {{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
 {
 "dataset":{
@@ -47,8 +46,6 @@ An example of the physio directory structure is shown below:
 }
 ) }}
 
-```
-
 When recording physiological data, we **RECOMMEND** to always record and save the data with the least amount of processing possible applied to it following this specification. If derivatives are computed in real time, we **RECOMMEND** to save them following the derivatives BEP, and to also store raw data following this concBEP.
 
 #### 1.2 Splitting concurrently acquired data into multiple files
@@ -98,7 +95,7 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
       }
    }
 ) }}
-```
+
 {{ MACROS___make_filetree_example(
 {
 "dataset":{
@@ -114,8 +111,6 @@ We **RECOMMEND** to store trigger signals recorded alongside physiological chann
 }
 ) }}
 
-```
-
 It is possible that the `recording-<label>` entity uses terms that could be confused with metadata field values, such as `MeasurementType` or `SamplingFrequency`. In that case, the lowest metadata level available should always be interpreted as the most reliable information. For instance, if the file name contains `recording-1000hz` but the `SamplingFrequency` metadata indicates a sampling frequency of 100Hz, data **MUST** be interpreted as being sampled at 100 Hz. Similarly, if the entity `recording-ecg` is used, but the `MeasurementType` metadata of the contained columns indicate “ppg” and “Ventilation”, the data **MUST** be interpreted as PPG and Ventilation, and not ECG.
 
 ---

From ac3de28077805e10b1d9e84c60ed68ce608da90e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ShiyuBelleWang <120072352+ShiyuBelleWang@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 11:32:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 16/16] Add MeasureType descriptions table

Added descriptions for various MeasureTypes related to physiological recordings.
---
 .../physiological-recordings.md                 | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
index b3070b0ba3..52103641c2 100644
--- a/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
+++ b/src/modality-specific-files/physiological-recordings.md
@@ -205,4 +205,21 @@ More information about the metadata entities contained in the JSON files can be
 
 ### 2.3 MeasureType descriptions
 
+| **MeasureType** | **Name** | **Description** |
+|-----------------|----------|-----------------|
+| Trigger | Trigger | Digital (binary TTL) or analog (TTL in Volt) values indicating scanner triggers. |
+| PPG | Photoplethysmography | Continuous optical signal capturing the cardiac pulsation. |
+| ECG | Electrocardiography | Continuous electrical signal capturing the cardiac activity. |
+| Ventilation | Ventilation | Continuous breathing measurement. |
+| CO2 | Carbon dioxide | Continuous measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in expired air. |
+| O2 | Oxygen | Continuous measurement of the oxygen concentration from respiratory gases. |
+| PetCO2 | End-tidal carbon dioxide | Continuous measurement of the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhalation. |
+| PetO2 | End-tidal oxygen | Continuous measurement of the end-tidal pressure of oxygen at the end of an inhalation. |
+| EDA-tonic | Electrodermal activity, tonic component | Continuous measurement of low-frequency changes in electrodermal activity, also known as skin conductance level. |
+| EDA-phasic | Electrodermal activity, phasic component | Continuous measurement of high-frequency changes in electrodermal activity, also known as skin conductance response. |
+| EDA-total | Electrodermal activity | Continuous measurement of the changes in electrical properties of the skin. |
+| BP | Blood pressure | Continuous measurement of the blood pressure waveform representing the changes in arterial pressure over time. |
+| Other | Other | Any other type of channel. |
+
+
 ---