diff --git a/.github/workflows/crystal.yml b/.github/workflows/crystal.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ade0241 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/crystal.yml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +name: Crystal CI + +on: + push: + branches: [ main ] + pull_request: + branches: [ main ] + +jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + container: + image: crystallang/crystal + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Install dependencies + run: shards install + - name: Run tests + run: crystal spec diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 76af28a..a07b91c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,2 +1,134 @@ # Procedural-Language-for-SQL-Query # Procedural-Language-for-SQL-Query +PL/SQL offers the concatenation operator (||) for joining two strings. The following table provides the string functions provided by PL/SQL − + +S.No Function & Purpose +1 +ASCII(x); + +Returns the ASCII value of the character x. + +2 +CHR(x); + +Returns the character with the ASCII value of x. + +3 +CONCAT(x, y); + +Concatenates the strings x and y and returns the appended string. + +4 +INITCAP(x); + +Converts the initial letter of each word in x to uppercase and returns that string. + +5 +INSTR(x, find_string [, start] [, occurrence]); + +Searches for find_string in x and returns the position at which it occurs. + +6 +INSTRB(x); + +Returns the location of a string within another string, but returns the value in bytes. + +7 +LENGTH(x); + +Returns the number of characters in x. + +8 +LENGTHB(x); + +Returns the length of a character string in bytes for single byte character set. + +9 +LOWER(x); + +Converts the letters in x to lowercase and returns that string. + +10 +LPAD(x, width [, pad_string]) ; + +Pads x with spaces to the left, to bring the total length of the string up to width characters. + +11 +LTRIM(x [, trim_string]); + +Trims characters from the left of x. + +12 +NANVL(x, value); + +Returns value if x matches the NaN special value (not a number), otherwise x is returned. + +13 +NLS_INITCAP(x); + +Same as the INITCAP function except that it can use a different sort method as specified by NLSSORT. + +14 +NLS_LOWER(x) ; + +Same as the LOWER function except that it can use a different sort method as specified by NLSSORT. + +15 +NLS_UPPER(x); + +Same as the UPPER function except that it can use a different sort method as specified by NLSSORT. + +16 +NLSSORT(x); + +Changes the method of sorting the characters. Must be specified before any NLS function; otherwise, the default sort will be used. + +17 +NVL(x, value); + +Returns value if x is null; otherwise, x is returned. + +18 +NVL2(x, value1, value2); + +Returns value1 if x is not null; if x is null, value2 is returned. + +19 +REPLACE(x, search_string, replace_string); + +Searches x for search_string and replaces it with replace_string. + +20 +RPAD(x, width [, pad_string]); + +Pads x to the right. + +21 +RTRIM(x [, trim_string]); + +Trims x from the right. + +22 +SOUNDEX(x) ; + +Returns a string containing the phonetic representation of x. + +23 +SUBSTR(x, start [, length]); + +Returns a substring of x that begins at the position specified by start. An optional length for the substring may be supplied. + +24 +SUBSTRB(x); + +Same as SUBSTR except that the parameters are expressed in bytes instead of characters for the single-byte character systems. + +25 +TRIM([trim_char FROM) x); + +Trims characters from the left and right of x. + +26 +UPPER(x); + +Converts the letters in x to uppercase and returns that string.