diff --git a/include/vsg/core/Inherit.h b/include/vsg/core/Inherit.h
index 1278a5f17..7008c88f8 100644
--- a/include/vsg/core/Inherit.h
+++ b/include/vsg/core/Inherit.h
@@ -23,13 +23,12 @@ namespace vsg
 
     /// Inherit<> uses the Curiously Recurring Template Pattern
     /// to provide the classes versions of create, accept(..), RTTI and sizeofObject()
+    /// There's a layer of indirection to allow subclass-specific specialisation without copying and pasting everything
     template<class ParentClass, class Subclass>
-    class Inherit : public ParentClass
+    class InheritBase : public ParentClass
     {
     public:
-        template<typename... Args>
-        Inherit(Args&&... args) :
-            ParentClass(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+        using ParentClass::ParentClass;
 
         template<typename... Args>
         static ref_ptr<Subclass> create(Args&&... args)
@@ -72,4 +71,10 @@ namespace vsg
         void accept(RecordTraversal& visitor) const override { visitor.apply(static_cast<const Subclass&>(*this)); }
     };
 
+    template<class ParentClass, class Subclass, class Enable = void>
+    class Inherit : public InheritBase<ParentClass, Subclass>
+    {
+        using InheritBase<ParentClass, Subclass>::InheritBase;
+    };
+
 } // namespace vsg
diff --git a/include/vsg/state/ArrayState.h b/include/vsg/state/ArrayState.h
index 4c4897495..86daa4d4b 100644
--- a/include/vsg/state/ArrayState.h
+++ b/include/vsg/state/ArrayState.h
@@ -96,6 +96,27 @@ namespace vsg
     };
     VSG_type_name(vsg::ArrayState);
 
+    template<class ParentClass, class Subclass>
+    class Inherit<ParentClass, Subclass, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<ArrayState, ParentClass>>> : public InheritBase<ParentClass, Subclass>
+    {
+    public:
+        using InheritBase<ParentClass, Subclass>::InheritBase;
+
+        explicit Inherit(const ArrayState& rhs, const CopyOp& copyop = {}) :
+            InheritBase<ParentClass, Subclass>(rhs, copyop)
+        {}
+
+        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override
+        {
+            return Subclass::create(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+        }
+
+        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override
+        {
+            return Subclass::create(static_cast<Subclass&>(*arrayState));
+        }
+    };
+
     /// NullArrayState provides a mechanism for geometry in a subgraph to be ignored by traversals that use ArrayState such as ComputeBounds/Intersector/LineSegmentIntersector
     /// this is useful for subgraphs that have custom shaders that move the final rendered geometry to a different place that would be naively interpreted by a straight forward vec3Array vertex array in local coordinates.
     /// To disable the handling of geometry in a subgraph simply assign a NullArrayState to the StateGroup::prototypeArrayState, i.e.
@@ -106,9 +127,6 @@ namespace vsg
         NullArrayState();
         explicit NullArrayState(const ArrayState& as);
 
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
-
         using ArrayState::apply;
 
         void apply(const vec3Array&) override;
@@ -124,9 +142,6 @@ namespace vsg
         TranslationArrayState(const TranslationArrayState& rhs);
         explicit TranslationArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs);
 
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
-
         uint32_t translation_attribute_location = 7;
         AttributeDetails translationAttribute;
 
@@ -145,9 +160,6 @@ namespace vsg
         TranslationRotationScaleArrayState(const TranslationRotationScaleArrayState& rhs);
         explicit TranslationRotationScaleArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs);
 
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
-
         uint32_t translation_attribute_location = 7;
         uint32_t rotation_attribute_location = 8;
         uint32_t scale_attribute_location = 9;
@@ -168,10 +180,7 @@ namespace vsg
     public:
         DisplacementMapArrayState();
         DisplacementMapArrayState(const DisplacementMapArrayState& rhs);
-        explicit DisplacementMapArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs);
-
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
+        explicit DisplacementMapArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs, const CopyOp& copyop = {});
 
         // binding of displacement map
         uint32_t normal_attribute_location = 1;
@@ -207,9 +216,6 @@ namespace vsg
         uint32_t translation_attribute_location = 7;
         AttributeDetails translationAttribute;
 
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
-
         void apply(const VertexInputState& vas) override;
         ref_ptr<const vec3Array> vertexArray(uint32_t instanceIndex) override;
     };
@@ -223,9 +229,6 @@ namespace vsg
         BillboardArrayState(const BillboardArrayState& rhs);
         explicit BillboardArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs);
 
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override;
-        ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override;
-
         uint32_t translation_attribute_location = 7;
         AttributeDetails translationAttribute;
 
diff --git a/src/vsg/state/ArrayState.cpp b/src/vsg/state/ArrayState.cpp
index 1a08fe9db..c9dc405b2 100644
--- a/src/vsg/state/ArrayState.cpp
+++ b/src/vsg/state/ArrayState.cpp
@@ -219,17 +219,6 @@ NullArrayState::NullArrayState(const ArrayState& as) :
     vertices = {};
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> NullArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return NullArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-// clone the specified ArrayState
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> NullArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return NullArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void NullArrayState::apply(const vsg::vec3Array&)
 {
     vertices = {};
@@ -260,16 +249,6 @@ TranslationArrayState::TranslationArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs) :
 {
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return TranslationArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return TranslationArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void TranslationArrayState::apply(const VertexInputState& vas)
 {
     getAttributeDetails(vas, vertex_attribute_location, vertexAttribute);
@@ -315,16 +294,6 @@ TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::TranslationRotationScaleArrayState(const Arr
 {
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void TranslationRotationScaleArrayState::apply(const VertexInputState& vas)
 {
     getAttributeDetails(vas, vertex_attribute_location, vertexAttribute);
@@ -373,21 +342,11 @@ DisplacementMapArrayState::DisplacementMapArrayState(const DisplacementMapArrayS
 {
 }
 
-DisplacementMapArrayState::DisplacementMapArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs) :
-    Inherit(rhs)
+DisplacementMapArrayState::DisplacementMapArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs, const CopyOp& copyop ) :
+    Inherit(rhs, copyop)
 {
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> DisplacementMapArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return DisplacementMapArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> DisplacementMapArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return DisplacementMapArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void DisplacementMapArrayState::apply(const DescriptorImage& di)
 {
     if (!di.imageInfoList.empty())
@@ -485,16 +444,6 @@ TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState
 {
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void TranslationAndDisplacementMapArrayState::apply(const VertexInputState& vas)
 {
     getAttributeDetails(vas, vertex_attribute_location, vertexAttribute);
@@ -562,16 +511,6 @@ BillboardArrayState::BillboardArrayState(const ArrayState& rhs) :
 {
 }
 
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> BillboardArrayState::cloneArrayState()
-{
-    return BillboardArrayState::create(*this);
-}
-
-ref_ptr<ArrayState> BillboardArrayState::cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState)
-{
-    return BillboardArrayState::create(*arrayState);
-}
-
 void BillboardArrayState::apply(const VertexInputState& vas)
 {
     getAttributeDetails(vas, vertex_attribute_location, vertexAttribute);
diff --git a/src/vsg/text/CpuLayoutTechnique.cpp b/src/vsg/text/CpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
index 09db212c5..975b4f4fa 100644
--- a/src/vsg/text/CpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
+++ b/src/vsg/text/CpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ class VSG_DECLSPEC CpuLayoutTechniqueArrayState : public Inherit<ArrayState, Cpu
     {
     }
 
-    ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override
-    {
-        return CpuLayoutTechniqueArrayState::create(*this);
-    }
+    using Inherit::cloneArrayState;
 
     ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override
     {
diff --git a/src/vsg/text/GpuLayoutTechnique.cpp b/src/vsg/text/GpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
index 387ac72de..378b5a4a6 100644
--- a/src/vsg/text/GpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
+++ b/src/vsg/text/GpuLayoutTechnique.cpp
@@ -51,10 +51,7 @@ class VSG_DECLSPEC GpuLayoutTechniqueArrayState : public Inherit<ArrayState, Gpu
     {
     }
 
-    ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState() override
-    {
-        return GpuLayoutTechniqueArrayState::create(*this);
-    }
+    using Inherit::cloneArrayState;
 
     ref_ptr<ArrayState> cloneArrayState(ref_ptr<ArrayState> arrayState) override
     {