Canonically equivalent alternatives
(differences resolved by Unicode Normalization) |
- إ |
- U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW |
- إ |
- U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF + U+0655 ARABIC HAMZA BELOW |
-
+  |
+U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW Used in Kashmiri to indicate the sound ɨ in word-initial position. |
+ U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF + U+0655 ARABIC HAMZA BELOW Equally valid in Kashmiri, but the vowel is encoded separately here. |
- Not canonically equivalent
(differences that remain after Unicode Normalization) Many of these are linked to user perception of whether the vowel is part of the base letter (ijam) vs. separable (tashkil) |
- ێ |
- U+06CE ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V |
- یٚ |
- U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH + U+065A ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE |
+ Not canonically equivalent
(differences that remain after Unicode Normalization) Many of these are linked to user perception of whether the vowel is part of the base letter (ijam) vs. separable (tashkil or hamza) |
+  |
+U+062D ARABIC LETTER HAH + U+0654 ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE Preferred usage for Kashmiri to represent a consonant+vowel sequence hə. The hamza represents the vowel sound. |
+ U+0681 ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE Used for Pashto consonant d͡z. Can then be combined with other diacritics to indicate vowels. |
Confusables or spelling errors
these can be common in certain kinds of text due to gaps in keyboard support or due to a similarity in appearance |
- ئ |
- U+0626 ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE |
- یٔ |
- U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH + U+0654 ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE |
+  |
+U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN In Kashmiri (as in Arabic) this indicates that no vowel follows the base consonant, but it looks like this when an appropriate Kashmiri (Nastaliq) font is used. |
+ U+065B ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE Used for vowel sounds in African languages such as the Fulfulde vowel o. |
-