The idea is, we have some columns in a table/dataframe and we want to create new columns which receives a value based on specific conditions. We want to realise this in a reusable manner. Those conditions are expressions on existing columns. We can have multiple expressions on multiple columns. Example:

Hour of Day | Budget | Spend | Overspend midday (hour>12 and spend>10)
11 | 100 | 20 | No
12 | 100 | 5 | No
13 | 100 | 10 | No
14 | 100 | 20 | Yes

For that i created two examples. One that pretty much uses the hardcode approach and one that utilizes objects and functional programming to create a reusable solution