Here’s a list of Alt codes for common Greek letters you can use on a Windows PC by holding down the "Alt" key and typing the corresponding number on the numeric keypad:
| Greek Letter | Uppercase (Alt Code) | Lowercase (Alt Code) |
|---|---|---|
| Alpha (Α/α) | Alt + 913 | Alt + 945 |
| Beta (Β/β) | Alt + 914 | Alt + 946 |
| Gamma (Γ/γ) | Alt + 915 | Alt + 947 |
| Delta (Δ/δ) | Alt + 916 | Alt + 948 |
| Epsilon (Ε/ε) | Alt + 917 | Alt + 949 |
| Zeta (Ζ/ζ) | Alt + 918 | Alt + 950 |
| Eta (Η/η) | Alt + 919 | Alt + 951 |
| Theta (Θ/θ) | Alt + 920 | Alt + 952 |
| Iota (Ι/ι) | Alt + 921 | Alt + 953 |
| Kappa (Κ/κ) | Alt + 922 | Alt + 954 |
| Lambda (Λ/λ) | Alt + 923 | Alt + 955 |
| Mu (Μ/μ) | Alt + 924 | Alt + 956 |
| Nu (Ν/ν) | Alt + 925 | Alt + 957 |
| Xi (Ξ/ξ) | Alt + 926 | Alt + 958 |
| Omicron (Ο/ο) | Alt + 927 | Alt + 959 |
| Pi (Π/π) | Alt + 928 | Alt + 960 |
| Rho (Ρ/ρ) | Alt + 929 | Alt + 961 |
| Sigma (Σ/σ) | Alt + 931 | Alt + 963 |
| Tau (Τ/τ) | Alt + 932 | Alt + 964 |
| Upsilon (Υ/υ) | Alt + 933 | Alt + 965 |
| Phi (Φ/φ) | Alt + 934 | Alt + 966 |
| Chi (Χ/χ) | Alt + 935 | Alt + 967 |
| Psi (Ψ/ψ) | Alt + 936 | Alt + 968 |
| Omega (Ω/ω) | Alt + 937 | Alt + 969 |
Make sure your Num Lock is enabled before trying these. Let me know if you need help with anything else!
| Lunar Day | Approximate Phase (%) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | New Moon |
| 2 | 3 | Waxing Crescent |
| 3 | 7 | Waxing Crescent |
| 4 | 11 | Waxing Crescent |
| 5 | 16 | Waxing Crescent |
| 6 | 22 | Waxing Crescent |
| 7 | 29 | Waxing Crescent |
| 8 | 37 | First Quarter |
| 9 | 45 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 10 | 55 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 11 | 65 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 12 | 75 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 13 | 85 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 14 | 95 | Waxing Gibbous |
| 15 | 100 | Full Moon |
| 16 | 97 | Waning Gibbous |
| 17 | 90 | Waning Gibbous |
| 18 | 80 | Waning Gibbous |
| 19 | 70 | Waning Gibbous |
| 20 | 60 | Waning Gibbous |
| 21 | 50 | Last Quarter |
| 22 | 40 | Waning Crescent |
| 23 | 30 | Waning Crescent |
| 24 | 20 | Waning Crescent |
| 25 | 12 | Waning Crescent |
| 26 | 6 | Waning Crescent |
| 27 | 2 | Waning Crescent |
| 28 | 0 | New Moon begins again |
Query sent to copilot (tm) 2 3 25
The Phoenician script occupies the Unicode block U+10900–U+1091F. It represents Phoenician, Paleo‑Hebrew, Punic, and related early Northwest Semitic inscriptions. The table below gives each letter’s Unicode code point, character, name, phonetic value, original pictographic meaning, and main Greek/Latin descendants.
Tip: In most editors on modern systems, you can enter these with
109xxfollowed byAlt+X(Windows) or by copy‑paste.
| # | Phoenician | Unicode | Name | Phonetic value | Pictographic origin (semantic idea) | Main descendants (Greek → Latin) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 𐤀 | U+10900 | Aleph | ʔ (glottal stop) / later a‑carrier | Ox head (strength, leader) | Α (Alpha) → A |
| 2 | 𐤁 | U+10901 | Beth | b | House (dwelling) | Β (Beta) → B |
| 3 | 𐤂 | U+10902 | Gimel | g | Throwing stick / camel (throw, carry, camel) | Γ (Gamma) → C, G |
| 4 | 𐤃 | U+10903 | Dalet | d | Door (entry, passage) | Δ (Delta) → D |
| 5 | 𐤄 | U+10904 | He | h | Window / lattice / breath (air, look) | Ε (Epsilon) → E |
| 6 | 𐤅 | U+10905 | Waw | w / u / o | Hook / peg / walking stick (secure, connect) | Ϝ (digamma), Υ (Upsilon) → F, U, V, W, Y |
| 7 | 𐤆 | U+10906 | Zayin | z | Weapon (sword) (cut, strike) | Ζ (Zeta) → Z |
| 8 | 𐤇 | U+10907 | Het | ħ / ḥ | Fence / courtyard (enclosure) | Η (Eta) (revalued as vowel) |
| 9 | 𐤈 | U+10908 | Tet | ṭ | Wheel / serpent / good sign (varies by tradition) | No direct distinct Greek letter; influences theta development |
| 10 | 𐤉 | U+10909 | Yod | j / y / i | Hand / arm (work, power) | Ι (Iota) → I, J |
| 11 | 𐤊 | U+1090A | Kaph | k / kʰ | Palm of hand (grasp) | Κ (Kappa) → K, C (hard) |
| 12 | 𐤋 | U+1090B | Lamed | l | Goad / staff (prod, guide) | Λ (Lambda) → L |
| 13 | 𐤌 | U+1090C | Mem | m | Water (waves) | Μ (Mu) → M |
| 14 | 𐤍 | U+1090D | Nun | n | Fish (life, activity) | Ν (Nu) → N |
| 15 | 𐤎 | U+1090E | Samekh | s | Support / fish spine / prop (support, spine) | Possibly influences Ξ (Xi) / other sibilants |
| 16 | 𐤏 | U+1090F | Ayin | ʕ | Eye (see, know) | Ο (Omicron) (revalued as vowel) → O |
| 17 | 𐤐 | U+10910 | Pe | p / pʰ | Mouth (speech, opening) | Π (Pi) → P |
| 18 | 𐤑 | U+10911 | Sade | ṣ | Plant / papyrus / fish‑hook (hunt, trap) | Source for later emphatic / sibilant letters; indirect to Σ (Sigma) cluster |
| 19 | 𐤒 | U+10912 | Qoph | q (uvular stop) | Back of head / monkey / needle eye (circle with line) | Ϙ (Qoppa) → Q, later Φ / others split |
| 20 | 𐤓 | U+10913 | Rosh | r | Head (top, chief) | Ρ (Rho) → R |
| 21 | 𐤔 | U+10914 | Shin | ʃ / s | Tooth (bite, consume) | Σ (Sigma) → S, also source of later shin/sin distinction in Hebrew |
| 22 | 𐤕 | U+10915 | Tau | t | Mark / cross / sign (marking) | Τ (Tau) → T |
Sources (mapping, meanings, descendants): comparative tables and notes in Phoenician alphabet overviews and general Unicode block descriptions.
The block also reserves code points for punctuation, numbers, and layout marks in inscriptions:
| Phoenician | Unicode | Description (Unicode) |
|---|---|---|
| 𐤟 | U+1091F | Word separator / punctuation mark |
Other code points in
U+10916–U+1091Eare assigned to additional separators and numeric indicators in the block; support may be patchy across fonts.
| # | Proto‑Canaanite name | Original meaning | Aramaic letter | Arabic base letter | Approx. sound (Classical) | Main Greek / Latin descendants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aleph | Ox head | 𐡀 | ا (alif) | /ʔ/, long /aː/ | Α (alpha), A |
| 2 | Beth | House | 𐡁 | ب (bāʾ) | /b/ | Β (beta), B |
| 3 | Gimel | Camel | 𐡂 | ج (jīm) | /d͡ʒ/ (orig. /g/) | Γ (gamma), C, G |
| 4 | Daleth | Door | 𐡃 | د (dāl) | /d/ | Δ (delta), D |
| 5 | He | Window / fence | 𐡄 | ه (hāʾ) | /h/ | Ε (epsilon), later H via Latin |
| 6 | Waw | Hook / peg | 𐡅 | و (wāw) | /w/, long /uː, oː/ | Υ/Ϝ (upsilon, digamma), F, U, V, W, Y |
| 7 | Zayin | Weapon | 𐡆 | ز (zāy) | /z/ | Ζ (zeta), Z |
| 8 | Heth | Fence | 𐡇 | ح (ḥāʾ) | /ħ/ (pharyngeal) | Χ (chi) very indirectly |
| 9 | Teth | Wheel / serpent | 𐡈 | ط (ṭāʾ) | /tˤ/ (emphatic t) | — |
| 10 | Yodh | Hand / arm | 𐡉 | ي (yāʾ) | /j/, long /iː/ | Ι (iota), I, J, Y |
| 11 | Kaph | Palm of hand | 𐡊 | ك (kāf) | /k/ | Κ (kappa), K, C (hard) |
| 12 | Lamed | Goad / staff | 𐡋 | ل (lām) | /l/ | Λ (lambda), L |
| 13 | Mem | Water | 𐡌 | م (mīm) | /m/ | Μ (mu), M |
| 14 | Nun | Snake / fish | 𐡍 | ن (nūn) | /n/ | Ν (nu), N |
| 15 | Samekh | Fish / support | 𐡎 | س (sīn) | /s/ | Ξ or Σ (via mergers), X, S |
| 16 | Ayin | Eye / spring | 𐡏 | ع (ʿayn) | /ʕ/ (pharyngeal) | Ο (omicron), later O |
| 17 | Pe | Mouth | 𐡐 | ف (fāʾ) | /f/ (orig. /p/) | Π (pi), P, F (via /p/→/f/) |
| 18 | Tsade | Papyrus plant | 𐡑 | ص (ṣād) | /sˤ/ (emphatic s) | Ψ/Ξ (indirect) |
| 19 | Qoph | Back of head | 𐡒 | ق (qāf) | /q/ (uvular stop) | Q (Latin), Κ/Ϙ (koppa) |
| 20 | Resh | Head | 𐡓 | ر (rāʾ) | /r/ | Ρ (rho), R |
| 21 | Shin | Tooth | 𐡔 | ش (shīn) | /ʃ/ | Σ (sigma), S |
| 22 | Taw | Mark / cross | 𐡕 | ت (tāʾ) | /t/ | Τ (tau), T |
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