Unified IIoT Monitoring Platform

A complete Industrial IoT monitoring solution combining LoRaWAN, Modbus TCP, and BACnet/IP protocols into a unified Grafana dashboard. Built with embedded Rust firmware and Python data collectors.

This project evolved from wk11-unified-monitoring, extending it with BACnet/IP support and consolidating all firmware into a single repository.

Features

• Multi-Protocol Support - LoRaWAN, Modbus TCP, and BACnet/IP on a unified platform
• Embedded Rust Firmware - Embassy async runtime on STM32 microcontrollers
• Pure Socket Implementations - No external protocol libraries (educational focus)
• Docker Infrastructure - InfluxDB, Grafana, and Mosquitto with one command
• Auto-Provisioned Dashboards - Grafana dashboards ready out of the box

Prerequisites

Software

Requirement	Version	Installation
Docker & Docker Compose	Latest	docs.docker.com
Rust	Latest stable	curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
ARM Target	thumbv7em-none-eabihf	rustup target add thumbv7em-none-eabihf
probe-rs	Latest	cargo install probe-rs-tools
Python	3.11+	System package manager

Hardware

Device	MCU	Protocols	IP Address
Unified Gateway	STM32F446RE + W5500	Modbus TCP + BACnet/IP	10.10.10.100
Modbus Node 2	STM32F446RE + W5500	Modbus TCP	10.10.10.200
LoRa Node 1	STM32WL55JC	LoRaWAN	via gateway
LoRa Node 2	STM32WL55JC	LoRaWAN	via gateway

All nodes use SHT3x temperature/humidity sensors and SSD1306 OLED displays.

Network Configuration

The OT (Operational Technology) network uses subnet 10.10.10.0/24. Ensure your host machine can reach this subnet for Modbus/BACnet communication.

Quick Start

Step 1: Clone and Start Services

git clone https://github.com/mapfumo/bacnet-gateway.git
cd bacnet-gateway

# Start Docker services (InfluxDB, Grafana, Mosquitto)
./start_services.sh

# Verify services are running
docker compose ps

Step 2: Access the Dashboard

Open http://localhost:3000 in your browser.

• Username: admin
• Password: admin123456

Step 3: Flash Firmware (Optional - requires hardware)

# Unified Gateway (Modbus TCP + BACnet/IP)
cd firmware/unified-gateway
cargo build --release
probe-rs run --chip STM32F446RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/release/bacnet-gateway

# Modbus Node 2
cd firmware/modbus
cargo build --release --bin modbus_2
probe-rs run --chip STM32F446RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/release/modbus_2

# LoRaWAN nodes (requires STM32WL55 hardware)
cd firmware/lorawan/lora-1 && cargo run --release
cd firmware/lorawan/lora-2 && cargo run --release

Step 4: Start Data Collectors

# Terminal 1: Modbus TCP collector
python3 modbus_to_influx.py

# Terminal 2: BACnet/IP collector
python3 bacnet_to_influx.py

# LoRaWAN collector runs automatically in Docker (mqtt-bridge container)

Step 5: Stop Services

./stop_services.sh

Protocol Reference

Modbus TCP (Port 502)

Register	Description	Data Type
0-1	Temperature	float32 (IEEE 754)
2-3	Humidity	float32 (IEEE 754)
4	Device Status	uint16
5-6	Uptime	uint32 (seconds)

BACnet/IP (Port 47808)

Object Type	Instance	Property	Description
Device	1234	Object_Name	"BACnet-Gateway"
Analog Input	0	Present_Value	Temperature (°C)
Analog Input	1	Present_Value	Humidity (%)
Analog Value	0	Present_Value	Uptime (seconds)

LoRaWAN

• Join Method: OTAA with automatic rejoin
• Uplink Interval: 30 seconds
• Sensor: BME680 (temperature, humidity, pressure, gas resistance)

Project Structure

bacnet-gateway/
├── firmware/
│   ├── unified-gateway/          # Modbus TCP + BACnet/IP firmware
│   ├── modbus/                   # Standalone Modbus node firmware
│   └── lorawan/
│       ├── lora-1/               # LoRaWAN node 1 firmware
│       ├── lora-2/               # LoRaWAN node 2 firmware
│       ├── lora-phy-patched/     # Patched LoRa PHY library
│       └── lorawan-device-patched/
├── grafana/
│   └── dashboards/               # Auto-provisioned Grafana dashboards
├── mosquitto/
│   └── config/                   # MQTT broker configuration
├── docs/
│   └── architecture.svg          # System architecture diagram
├── bacnet_to_influx.py           # BACnet/IP → InfluxDB collector
├── modbus_to_influx.py           # Modbus TCP → InfluxDB collector
├── mqtt_to_influx.py             # LoRaWAN MQTT → InfluxDB bridge
├── mqtt_subscriber.py            # Debug tool for MQTT messages
├── docker-compose.yml            # Infrastructure services
├── start_services.sh             # Start all Docker services
├── stop_services.sh              # Stop all Docker services
└── TROUBLESHOOTING.md            # Common issues and solutions

Service Endpoints

Service	URL	Credentials
Grafana	http://localhost:3000	admin / admin123456
InfluxDB	http://localhost:8086	admin / admin123456
MQTT Broker	localhost:1883	anonymous

Testing

Verify Modbus TCP

# Install modbus-cli: pip install modbus-cli
modbus tcp://10.10.10.100 read 0 4
modbus tcp://10.10.10.200 read 0 4

Verify BACnet/IP

Use Yabe (Yet Another BACnet Explorer):

1. Launch Yabe and click "Add Device"
2. Send Who-Is broadcast on your network interface
3. Device 1234 should appear
4. Browse Analog Input 0 (temperature), Analog Input 1 (humidity), Analog Value 0 (uptime)

Verify LoRaWAN

# View decoded sensor readings from MQTT
python3 mqtt_subscriber.py

Troubleshooting

See TROUBLESHOOTING.md for solutions to common issues:

• W5500 SPI communication failures (returns 0x00)
• BACnet ReadProperty parsing errors
• Embassy task arena sizing (task-arena-size-32768)
• LoRaWAN join failures and session management
• Docker networking issues
• probe-rs "device busy" errors

What's New vs wk11-unified-monitoring

Feature	wk11	This Project
LoRaWAN nodes	✓	✓
Modbus TCP	✓ (2 nodes)	✓ (1 node + unified)
BACnet/IP	✗	✓
Unified Gateway	✗	✓
Single Repository	✗	✓
Uptime via BACnet	✗	✓

References

• Embassy Framework - Async embedded Rust
• BACnet Standard (ASHRAE 135) - Building automation protocol
• Modbus Application Protocol - Industrial protocol specification
• LoRaWAN Specification - LPWAN protocol
• W5500 Datasheet - Hardwired TCP/IP Ethernet controller

License

MIT