Fix #13828: Reference to static const behaves as self const

[phpstan-bot]

Summary

When a parent class declared @return static::SOME_CONST in a method's PHPDoc, PHPStan treated static:: identically to self:: — always resolving to the declaring class's constant value. This meant subclass constant overrides were ignored: calling the method on a child class that overrides the constant still returned the parent's value.

Changes

• Created new src/Type/ClassConstantAccessType.php — a LateResolvableType that wraps a Type (initially StaticType) and a constant name, deferring resolution until the caller type is known
• Modified src/PhpDoc/TypeNodeResolver.php:
  • resolveConstTypeNode(): separated static and self cases; for static::CONST on non-final classes, returns ClassConstantAccessType(StaticType, constantName) instead of eagerly resolving
  • resolveArrayShapeOffsetType(): same fix for array shape key contexts
  • Wildcard static::CONST_* patterns use getValueType() fallback
• Updated CLAUDE.md with documentation of the new pattern

Root cause

TypeNodeResolver::resolveConstTypeNode() handled static and self in a single case block, resolving both to $nameScope->getClassName() and then immediately computing the constant's literal value from the declaring class. This lost the late static binding semantics of static::.

The fix introduces ClassConstantAccessType, which preserves the StaticType inside the return type. When a method is called on a specific class (e.g., BarBaz), CalledOnTypeUnresolvedMethodPrototypeReflection::transformStaticType() traverses the return type and replaces StaticType with ObjectType('BarBaz'). The ClassConstantAccessType::traverse() method creates a new instance with the replaced inner type, and getResult() then resolves the constant on the correct class — giving BarBaz::FOO_BAR instead of FooBar::FOO_BAR.

Test

Added tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-13828.php which verifies:

• FooBar with const FOO_BAR = 'foo' and @return static::FOO_BAR resolves to 'foo' when called on FooBar
• BarBaz extends FooBar with const FOO_BAR = 'bar' resolves to 'bar' when called on BarBaz
• Final class with @return static::FOO_BAR resolves to the literal value 'foo'

Fixes phpstan/phpstan#13828