[WIP][C++] Switch to std::format

[XanthosXanthopoulos]

Issue and/or context:

Changes:

Notes for Reviewer:

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 86.83%. Comparing base (ae72049) to head (b450973).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4353      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   86.84%   86.83%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         137      137              
  Lines       20740    20740              
  Branches       15       15              
==========================================
- Hits        18011    18009       -2     
- Misses       2729     2731       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	89.17% <ø> (-0.03%)	⬇️
r	85.60% <ø> (ø)

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Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	89.17% <ø> (-0.03%)	⬇️
libtiledbsoma	77.24% <ø> (ø)

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